On this page:

• Item 304(a)(1) - Key Requirements
• Item 304(a)(2) - Key Requirements
• Item 304(a)(3) - Key Requirements
• Examples of Item 4.01 Disclosures
• References

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires companies to file a Form 8-K to report material events that shareholders should know about. One of the items in Form 8-K is Item 4.01, which deals with the disclosure requirements related to changes in a company's independent public accountants. This item is part of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act of 1933, which sets forth the disclosure requirements for various SEC filings.

This guide provides an overview of the key requirements of Item 4.01, including the specific information that companies must disclose when there is a change in their independent public accountants. It covers the requirements of Item 304(a)(1), Item 304(a)(2), and Item 304(a)(3) of Regulation S-K.

Item 304(a)(1) of Regulation S-K requires companies to disclose the following information about changes in their independent public accountants:

1. Changes in Accountants: If a company dismisses, resigns, or does not reappoint its principal independent accountant (auditor), it must disclose:

   • The date and circumstances surrounding the change.
   • Whether the former accountant resigned, declined to stand for re-election, or was dismissed.

2. Disagreements with Accountants: The company must describe any disagreements with the former accountant during the two most recent fiscal years and any subsequent period up to the date of the change. This includes:

   • Disagreements over accounting principles, financial statement disclosures, or auditing scope/procedures that were not resolved to the former accountant's satisfaction.
   • Whether the disagreements, if unresolved, would have caused the accountant to issue a different audit opinion.

3. Adverse Opinions or Disclaimer: If the former accountant's reports on the company's financial statements for the past two fiscal years contained an adverse opinion, disclaimer of opinion, or were qualified, the company must disclose the nature of the adverse opinion, disclaimer, or qualification, including any issues related to going concern.

4. Notification of the Former Auditor: The company must provide a copy of the disclosure to the former accountant and request their agreement or disagreement with the statements made. If the former accountant provides a letter in response, it must be filed as an exhibit to the filing.

5. Engaging a New Accountant: If a new independent accountant is engaged, the company must disclose the engagement date and whether it has consulted with the new accountant regarding any accounting, auditing, or financial reporting issues similar to those discussed with the prior accountant.

Item 304(a)(2) of Regulation S-K defines the disclosure requirements in case a company has engaged a new principal independent accountant (auditor). This regulation ensures that investors and stakeholders are informed about any consultations that may have taken place between the company and the new auditor before they were appointed.

1. Engagement of a New Accountant:

   • When a company engages a new independent accountant (usually as a result of the prior accountant being dismissed or resigning), it must disclose this information.
   • The disclosure must include the date of engagement of the new accountant.

2. Consultations with the New Accountant:

   • If, during the two most recent fiscal years or any subsequent interim period prior to engaging the new accountant, the company or someone acting on its behalf consulted the new accountant about:
     • The application of accounting principles to a specified transaction.
     • The type of audit opinion that might be rendered on the company's financial statements.
     • Any disagreement or reportable event as described in Item 304(a)(1), similar to the issues previously discussed with the former accountant.
   • The company must describe the subject matter of these consultations, including the following:
     • Whether the new accountant provided written or oral advice that was important to the company in reaching a decision regarding accounting, auditing, or financial reporting issues.
     • The nature of the consultation and whether the advice of the new accountant was an important factor that influenced the company's decision to engage the new accountant.

3. Disclosures on Differences in Accounting Treatment:

   • The company must disclose if any of the consultations involved a matter that was either the subject of a disagreement or a reportable event (as defined in Item 304(a)(1)) with the former accountant, and provide a summary of the difference in opinion.

4. Include the New Accountant's Opinion:

   • If applicable, the company must also disclose if the new accountant was consulted about any accounting practices that differed from the approach of the former accountant. It should describe the new accountant's advice or opinion on the matter.

Item 304(a)(3) of Regulation S-K deals with the company's responsibility to provide disclosures about disagreements with auditors, as well as ensuring transparency and providing an opportunity for the former accountant to respond to the company's disclosures.

1. Furnishing a Copy to the Former Accountant:

   • The company is required to provide a copy of the disclosure about the change in accountants (including any disagreements or other issues related to the change) to the former independent accountant on or before the date it files the disclosure with the SEC.
   • This copy should allow the former accountant to be informed about what the company has publicly stated regarding their dismissal, resignation, or decision not to reappoint them.

2. Request for Response from the Former Accountant:

   • The company must request that the former accountant provide a letter stating whether they agree or disagree with the disclosures made by the company.
   • If the accountant disagrees, they must specify the parts of the company's disclosures that they find incorrect and explain why.

3. Filing of the Accountant's Letter:

   • The company is required to file the former accountant's letter with the SEC as an exhibit to the filing. This exhibit should either:
     • Confirm the former accountant's agreement with the company's disclosures, or
     • Detail the specific points of disagreement if any exist.
   • The letter must be filed with the same SEC form in which the disclosure about the change in accountants was made. If the company is unable to obtain the former accountant's letter in time for the initial filing, it must:
     • State this in the initial filing.
     • File the accountant's letter by amending the form no later than 10 business days after the initial filing.

(Source: ABVC BIOPHARMA, Form 8-K, 2024)

(Source: PATRIOT GOLD CORP, Form 8-K, 2016)

• 17 CFR, § 229.304 (Item 304) - Changes in and disagreements with accountants on accounting and financial disclosure
• SEC Form 8-K - General Filing Instructions