Every insider trade
since 2009.
Access 7.5 million transactions, from 209K insiders, with 123 data points per trade. Covering all derivative and non-derivative trades.
Real-time stream, and full historical archive.
Trusted by 1,000+ customers worldwide
Every Section 16 insider transaction, indexed and searchable.
Form 3, 4, and 5 filings from 2009 to today. Updated within milliseconds of filing on EDGAR.
View docs →
Who files what, when.
Section 16 reporting persons file Form 3, 4, and 5 on the securities of their issuer. Every transaction line in the API response carries the same six facets.
View docs →Section 16 reporting persons — directors, officers, >10% beneficial owners — file one of three forms, each on its own trigger and deadline.
- 3Within 10 days of becoming a Section 16 insider — newly-appointed officers/directors, anyone crossing the 10% threshold, every existing insider at IPO. Filed once per role.
- 4Within 2 business days of any reportable change in beneficial ownership — open-market trades, grants and exercises, gifts, dispositions. One filing per transaction event.
- 5Within 45 days of fiscal year-end — covers transactions exempted from Form 4 (small acquisitions under Rule 16a-6, certain gifts) or inadvertently omitted.
Each filing names two distinct parties:
The company whose securities are the subject of the report. Identified by CIK, name, trading symbol, and IRS number.
The natural person or entity that holds, acquires, or disposes of those securities. Identified by their own CIK, name, mailing address, and relationship code (Director / Officer / 10% Owner / Other).
One filing reports activity for one issuer but may carry multiple reporting persons (joint trusts, co-trustees, family-office structures), each with their own signature block.
Six facets per row of the response:
- Identity. Issuer CIK + ticker, reporting-person CIK, relationship (officer title, director, 10% owner, other).
- Transaction core. Date, transaction code, shares acquired/disposed, price per share, post-transaction shares held.
- Security detail. Security title, derivative vs non-derivative, exercise/conversion price, expiration date, underlying-security title and amount.
- Ownership form. Direct (D) or indirect (I), with a free-text nature of indirect ownership ("By 401(k)", "By GRAT", "By spouse").
- Footnotes. Annotations on Rule 10b5-1 plans, gift recipients, trust assignments, weighted-average price ranges, partial executions.
- Signatures. One per reporting person, with date.
Every transaction is tagged with a single-letter code.
Every transaction line carries a single-letter code defined by SEC Rules 16a-1 through 16a-3 that identifies the transaction type — P for open-market purchase, S for sale, A for grant, M for option exercise, G for gift, and so on across 19 codes total.
View docs →- POpen-market or private purchase of non-derivative or derivative security.
- SOpen-market or private sale of non-derivative or derivative security.
- VTransaction voluntarily reported earlier than required.
- AGrant, award, or other acquisition under Rule 16b-3 (e.g., RSU/PSU grant).
- DDisposition to the issuer under Rule 16b-3 (cancellation, forfeiture, repurchase).
- FPayment of exercise price or tax liability by delivering or withholding securities.
- IDiscretionary transaction in an employee benefit plan (e.g., 401(k) reallocation).
- MExercise or conversion of derivative security exempted under Rule 16b-3.
- CConversion of derivative security.
- EExpiration of short derivative position.
- HExpiration (or cancellation) of long derivative position with value received.
- OExercise of out-of-the-money derivative security.
- XExercise of in-the-money or at-the-money derivative security.
- GBona fide gift.
- LSmall acquisition under Rule 16a-6 (de minimis, deferred reporting).
- WAcquisition or disposition by will or laws of descent and distribution.
- ZDeposit into, or withdrawal from, a voting trust.
- JOther acquisition or disposition (must be explained by footnote).
- KTransaction in equity-swap or similar instrument.
- UDisposition pursuant to a tender of shares in a change-of-control transaction.
Latest insider transactions.
A rolling feed of the most recent Form 3, 4, and 5 filings. Updated continuously.
View docs →A consistent schema across Form 3, 4, and 5.
Every filing is normalized to the same JSON structure. Footnotes, ownership flags, and transaction codes preserved as-filed.
View docs →Form 4 — Statement of Changes in Beneficial Ownership
POST /insider-tradingFiled within 2 business days of a transaction. The workhorse of insider trading disclosure.
{
"query": "documentType:4 AND issuer.tradingSymbol:TSLA AND nonDerivativeTable.transactions.coding.code:S",
"from": "0",
"size": "1"
}{
"id": "da4c1884146467ac1c9d25a5690b05b5",
"accessionNo": "0001104659-25-054372",
"filedAt": "2025-05-29T19:02:10-04:00",
"schemaVersion": "X0508",
"documentType": "4",
"periodOfReport": "2025-05-27",
"notSubjectToSection16": false,
"issuer": {
"cik": "1318605",
"name": "Tesla, Inc.",
"tradingSymbol": "TSLA"
},
"reportingOwner": {
"cik": "1412598",
"name": "Ehrenpreis Ira Matthew",
"address": {
"street1": "C/O TESLA, INC.",
"street2": "1 TESLA ROAD",
"city": "AUSTIN",
"state": "TX",
"zipCode": "78725"
},
"relationship": {
"isDirector": true,
"isOfficer": false,
"isTenPercentOwner": false,
"isOther": false
}
},
"nonDerivativeTable": {
"transactions": [
{
"securityTitle": "Common Stock",
"transactionDate": "2025-05-27",
"coding": {
"formType": "4",
"code": "M",
"equitySwapInvolved": false,
"footnoteId": [
"F1"
]
},
"amounts": {
"shares": 360000,
"pricePerShare": 22.86,
"acquiredDisposedCode": "A"
},
"postTransactionAmounts": {
"sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction": 931005
},
"ownershipNature": {
"directOrIndirectOwnership": "D"
}
},
{
"securityTitle": "Common Stock",
"transactionDate": "2025-05-27",
"coding": {
"formType": "4",
"code": "M",
"equitySwapInvolved": false,
"footnoteId": [
"F1"
]
},
"amounts": {
"shares": 401961,
"pricePerShare": 24.73,
"acquiredDisposedCode": "A"
},
"postTransactionAmounts": {
"sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction": 1332966
},
"ownershipNature": {
"directOrIndirectOwnership": "D"
}
},
{
"securityTitle": "Common Stock",
"transactionDate": "2025-05-27",
"coding": {
"formType": "4",
"code": "S",
"equitySwapInvolved": false,
"footnoteId": [
"F1"
]
},
"amounts": {
"shares": 4200,
"pricePerShare": 347.61,
"pricePerShareFootnoteId": [
"F2"
],
"acquiredDisposedCode": "D"
},
"postTransactionAmounts": {
"sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction": 1328766
},
"ownershipNature": {
"directOrIndirectOwnership": "D"
}
},
{
"securityTitle": "Common Stock",
"transactionDate": "2025-05-27",
"coding": {
"formType": "4",
"code": "S",
"equitySwapInvolved": false,
"footnoteId": [
"F1"
]
},
"amounts": {
"shares": 400,
"pricePerShare": 348.863,
"pricePerShareFootnoteId": [
"F3"
],
"acquiredDisposedCode": "D"
},
"postTransactionAmounts": {
"sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction": 1328366
},
"ownershipNature": {
"directOrIndirectOwnership": "D"
}
},
{
"securityTitle": "Common Stock",
"transactionDate": "2025-05-27",
"coding": {
"formType": "4",
"code": "S",
"equitySwapInvolved": false,
"footnoteId": [
"F1"
]
},
"amounts": {
"shares": 8000,
"pricePerShare": 350.556,
"pricePerShareFootnoteId": [
"F4"
],
"acquiredDisposedCode": "D"
},
"postTransactionAmounts": {
"sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction": 1320366
},
"ownershipNature": {
"directOrIndirectOwnership": "D"
}
},
{
"securityTitle": "Common Stock",
"transactionDate": "2025-05-27",
"coding": {
"formType": "4",
"code": "S",
"equitySwapInvolved": false,
"footnoteId": [
"F1"
]
},
"amounts": {
"shares": 17100,
"pricePerShare": 351.357,
"pricePerShareFootnoteId": [
"F5"
],
"acquiredDisposedCode": "D"
},
"postTransactionAmounts": {
"sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction": 1303266
},
"ownershipNature": {
"directOrIndirectOwnership": "D"
}
},
{
"securityTitle": "Common Stock",
"transactionDate": "2025-05-27",
"coding": {
"formType": "4",
"code": "S",
"equitySwapInvolved": false,
"footnoteId": [
"F1"
]
},
"amounts": {
"shares": 34542,
"pricePerShare": 352.278,
"pricePerShareFootnoteId": [
"F6"
],
"acquiredDisposedCode": "D"
},
"postTransactionAmounts": {
"sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction": 1268724
},
"ownershipNature": {
"directOrIndirectOwnership": "D"
}
},
{
"securityTitle": "Common Stock",
"transactionDate": "2025-05-27",
"coding": {
"formType": "4",
"code": "S",
"equitySwapInvolved": false,
"footnoteId": [
"F1"
]
},
"amounts": {
"shares": 19877,
"pricePerShare": 353.296,
"pricePerShareFootnoteId": [
"F7"
],
"acquiredDisposedCode": "D"
},
"postTransactionAmounts": {
"sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction": 1248847
},
"ownershipNature": {
"directOrIndirectOwnership": "D"
}
},
{
"securityTitle": "Common Stock",
"transactionDate": "2025-05-27",
"coding": {
"formType": "4",
"code": "S",
"equitySwapInvolved": false,
"footnoteId": [
"F1"
]
},
"amounts": {
"shares": 12556,
"pricePerShare": 354.264,
"pricePerShareFootnoteId": [
"F8"
],
"acquiredDisposedCode": "D"
},
"postTransactionAmounts": {
"sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction": 1236291
},
"ownershipNature": {
"directOrIndirectOwnership": "D"
}
},
{
"securityTitle": "Common Stock",
"transactionDate": "2025-05-27",
"coding": {
"formType": "4",
"code": "S",
"equitySwapInvolved": false,
"footnoteId": [
"F1"
]
},
"amounts": {
"shares": 58885,
"pricePerShare": 355.423,
"pricePerShareFootnoteId": [
"F9"
],
"acquiredDisposedCode": "D"
},
"postTransactionAmounts": {
"sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction": 1177406
},
"ownershipNature": {
"directOrIndirectOwnership": "D"
}
},
{
"securityTitle": "Common Stock",
"transactionDate": "2025-05-27",
"coding": {
"formType": "4",
"code": "S",
"equitySwapInvolved": false,
"footnoteId": [
"F1"
]
},
"amounts": {
"shares": 84390,
"pricePerShare": 356.32,
"pricePerShareFootnoteId": [
"F10"
],
"acquiredDisposedCode": "D"
},
"postTransactionAmounts": {
"sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction": 1093016
},
"ownershipNature": {
"directOrIndirectOwnership": "D"
}
},
{
"securityTitle": "Common Stock",
"transactionDate": "2025-05-27",
"coding": {
"formType": "4",
"code": "S",
"equitySwapInvolved": false,
"footnoteId": [
"F1"
]
},
"amounts": {
"shares": 34814,
"pricePerShare": 357.147,
"pricePerShareFootnoteId": [
"F11"
],
"acquiredDisposedCode": "D"
},
"postTransactionAmounts": {
"sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction": 1058202
},
"ownershipNature": {
"directOrIndirectOwnership": "D"
}
},
{
"securityTitle": "Common Stock",
"transactionDate": "2025-05-27",
"coding": {
"formType": "4",
"code": "S",
"equitySwapInvolved": false,
"footnoteId": [
"F1"
]
},
"amounts": {
"shares": 34199,
"pricePerShare": 358.566,
"pricePerShareFootnoteId": [
"F12"
],
"acquiredDisposedCode": "D"
},
"postTransactionAmounts": {
"sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction": 1024003
},
"ownershipNature": {
"directOrIndirectOwnership": "D"
}
},
{
"securityTitle": "Common Stock",
"transactionDate": "2025-05-27",
"coding": {
"formType": "4",
"code": "S",
"equitySwapInvolved": false,
"footnoteId": [
"F1"
]
},
"amounts": {
"shares": 53594,
"pricePerShare": 359.38,
"pricePerShareFootnoteId": [
"F13"
],
"acquiredDisposedCode": "D"
},
"postTransactionAmounts": {
"sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction": 970409
},
"ownershipNature": {
"directOrIndirectOwnership": "D"
}
},
{
"securityTitle": "Common Stock",
"transactionDate": "2025-05-27",
"coding": {
"formType": "4",
"code": "S",
"equitySwapInvolved": false,
"footnoteId": [
"F1"
]
},
"amounts": {
"shares": 25096,
"pricePerShare": 360.517,
"pricePerShareFootnoteId": [
"F14"
],
"acquiredDisposedCode": "D"
},
"postTransactionAmounts": {
"sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction": 945313
},
"ownershipNature": {
"directOrIndirectOwnership": "D"
}
},
{
"securityTitle": "Common Stock",
"transactionDate": "2025-05-27",
"coding": {
"formType": "4",
"code": "S",
"equitySwapInvolved": false,
"footnoteId": [
"F1"
]
},
"amounts": {
"shares": 26810,
"pricePerShare": 361.427,
"pricePerShareFootnoteId": [
"F15"
],
"acquiredDisposedCode": "D"
},
"postTransactionAmounts": {
"sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction": 918503
},
"ownershipNature": {
"directOrIndirectOwnership": "D"
}
},
{
"securityTitle": "Common Stock",
"transactionDate": "2025-05-27",
"coding": {
"formType": "4",
"code": "S",
"equitySwapInvolved": false,
"footnoteId": [
"F1"
]
},
"amounts": {
"shares": 41283,
"pricePerShare": 362.473,
"pricePerShareFootnoteId": [
"F16"
],
"acquiredDisposedCode": "D"
},
"postTransactionAmounts": {
"sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction": 877220
},
"ownershipNature": {
"directOrIndirectOwnership": "D"
}
},
{
"securityTitle": "Common Stock",
"transactionDate": "2025-05-27",
"coding": {
"formType": "4",
"code": "S",
"equitySwapInvolved": false,
"footnoteId": [
"F1"
]
},
"amounts": {
"shares": 21826,
"pricePerShare": 363.236,
"pricePerShareFootnoteId": [
"F17"
],
"acquiredDisposedCode": "D"
},
"postTransactionAmounts": {
"sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction": 855394
},
"ownershipNature": {
"directOrIndirectOwnership": "D"
}
}
]
},
"derivativeTable": {
"transactions": [
{
"securityTitle": "Non-Qualified Stock Option (right to buy)",
"conversionOrExercisePrice": 22.86,
"transactionDate": "2025-05-27",
"coding": {
"formType": "4",
"code": "M",
"equitySwapInvolved": false,
"footnoteId": [
"F1"
]
},
"exerciseDateFootnoteId": [
"F18"
],
"expirationDate": "2025-06-12",
"underlyingSecurity": {
"title": "Common Stock",
"shares": 360000
},
"amounts": {
"shares": 360000,
"pricePerShare": 0,
"acquiredDisposedCode": "D"
},
"postTransactionAmounts": {
"sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction": 0
},
"ownershipNature": {
"directOrIndirectOwnership": "D"
}
},
{
"securityTitle": "Non-Qualified Stock Option (right to buy)",
"conversionOrExercisePrice": 24.73,
"transactionDate": "2025-05-27",
"coding": {
"formType": "4",
"code": "M",
"equitySwapInvolved": false,
"footnoteId": [
"F1"
]
},
"exerciseDateFootnoteId": [
"F19"
],
"expirationDate": "2025-06-18",
"underlyingSecurity": {
"title": "Common Stock",
"shares": 401961
},
"amounts": {
"shares": 401961,
"pricePerShare": 0,
"acquiredDisposedCode": "D"
},
"postTransactionAmounts": {
"sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction": 0
},
"ownershipNature": {
"directOrIndirectOwnership": "D"
}
}
]
},
"footnotes": [
{
"id": "F1",
"text": "THE TRANSACTIONS REPORTED ON THIS FORM 4 WERE AUTOMATICALLY EFFECTED PURSUANT TO A RULE 10B5-1 TRADING PLAN PREVIOUSLY ADOPTED ON DECEMBER 6, 2024 AND ESTABLISHED BY THE REPORTING PERSON FOR THE PURPOSE OF AN ORDERLY LIQUIDATION OF OPTIONS SCHEDULED TO EXPIRE IN 2025."
},
{
"id": "F2",
"text": "The price reported in Column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $347.360 to $348.350, inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide Tesla, Inc., any security holder of Tesla, Inc. or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the range set forth in this footnote."
},
{
"id": "F3",
"text": "The price reported in Column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $348.750 to $348.900, inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide Tesla, Inc., any security holder of Tesla, Inc. or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the range set forth in this footnote."
},
{
"id": "F4",
"text": "The price reported in Column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $349.850 to $350.740, inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide Tesla, Inc., any security holder of Tesla, Inc. or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the range set forth in this footnote."
},
{
"id": "F5",
"text": "The price reported in Column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $350.850 to $351.840, inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide Tesla, Inc., any security holder of Tesla, Inc. or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the range set forth in this footnote."
},
{
"id": "F6",
"text": "The price reported in Column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $351.850 to $352.830, inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide Tesla, Inc., any security holder of Tesla, Inc. or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the range set forth in this footnote."
},
{
"id": "F7",
"text": "The price reported in Column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $352.850 to $353.820, inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide Tesla, Inc., any security holder of Tesla, Inc. or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the range set forth in this footnote."
},
{
"id": "F8",
"text": "The price reported in Column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $353.860 to $354.840, inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide Tesla, Inc., any security holder of Tesla, Inc. or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the range set forth in this footnote."
},
{
"id": "F9",
"text": "The price reported in Column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $354.870 to $355.860, inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide Tesla, Inc., any security holder of Tesla, Inc. or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the range set forth in this footnote."
},
{
"id": "F10",
"text": "The price reported in Column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $355.870 to $356.860, inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide Tesla, Inc., any security holder of Tesla, Inc. or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the range set forth in this footnote."
},
{
"id": "F11",
"text": "The price reported in Column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $356.870 to $357.800, inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide Tesla, Inc., any security holder of Tesla, Inc. or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the range set forth in this footnote."
},
{
"id": "F12",
"text": "The price reported in Column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $357.970 to $358.960, inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide Tesla, Inc., any security holder of Tesla, Inc. or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the range set forth in this footnote."
},
{
"id": "F13",
"text": "The price reported in Column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $358.970 to $359.960, inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide Tesla, Inc., any security holder of Tesla, Inc. or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the range set forth in this footnote."
},
{
"id": "F14",
"text": "The price reported in Column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $359.970 to $360.960, inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide Tesla, Inc., any security holder of Tesla, Inc. or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the range set forth in this footnote."
},
{
"id": "F15",
"text": "The price reported in Column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $360.970 to $361.960, inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide Tesla, Inc., any security holder of Tesla, Inc. or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the range set forth in this footnote."
},
{
"id": "F16",
"text": "The price reported in Column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $361.970 to $362.960, inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide Tesla, Inc., any security holder of Tesla, Inc. or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the range set forth in this footnote."
},
{
"id": "F17",
"text": "The price reported in Column 4 is a weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $362.970 to $363.700, inclusive. The reporting person undertakes to provide Tesla, Inc., any security holder of Tesla, Inc. or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price within the range set forth in this footnote."
},
{
"id": "F18",
"text": "This stock option is an equity award, which is scheduled to expire in June 2025, granted pursuant to Tesla, Inc.'s 2010 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan and Outside Director Compensation Policy. 1/36th of the shares granted shall become vested and exercisable as of each monthly anniversary following June 12, 2018, such that all shares subject to the award became fully vested and exercisable by June 12, 2021."
},
{
"id": "F19",
"text": "This stock option is an equity award, which is scheduled to expire in June 2025, granted pursuant to Tesla, Inc.'s 2010 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan and Outside Director Compensation Policy. 1/36th of the shares granted became vested and exercisable as of each monthly anniversary following June 18, 2018, such that all options subject to the award became fully vested and exercisable by June 18, 2021."
}
],
"ownerSignatureName": "By: Aaron Beckman, Power of Attorney For: Ira Matthew Ehrenpreis",
"ownerSignatureNameDate": "2025-05-29"
}Access any insider trade with four lines of code.
SDKs for Python and Node.js. Or call the REST API from anything that speaks HTTP.
View docs →from sec_api import InsiderTradingApi
api = InsiderTradingApi("YOUR_API_KEY")
filings = api.get_data({
"query": "documentType:4",
"from": "0",
"size": "50",
"sort": [{ "filedAt": { "order": "desc" } }]
})
for f in filings["transactions"]:
print(f["issuer"]["tradingSymbol"], f["filedAt"])123 data points per trade.
Every field parsed from the original XML, including footnote IDs, ownership flags, and securities titles. No flattening, no lossy transforms.
ciknametradingSymbolciknameaddressrelationshipstreet1street2citystatestateDescriptionzipCodeisDirectorisOfficerisTenPercentOwnerisOtherofficerTitleotherTexttransactionsholdings— common stocksecurityTitletransactionDatedeemedExecutionDatecodingtimelinessamountspostTransactionAmountsownershipNaturecodeformTypeequitySwapInvolvedfootnoteIdsharessharesFootnoteIdpricePerSharepricePerShareFootnoteIdacquiredDisposedCodesharesOwnedFollowingTransactionsharesOwnedFollowingTransactionFootnoteIdvalueOwnedFollowingTransactiondirectOrIndirectOwnershipnatureOfOwnershipnatureOfOwnershipFootnoteIdsecurityTitlepostTransactionAmountsownershipNaturetransactionsholdings— options, RSUs, convertiblessecurityTitleconversionOrExercisePriceconversionOrExercisePriceFootnoteIdtransactionDateexerciseDateexerciseDateFootnoteIdexpirationDateexpirationDateFootnoteIdcodingamountsunderlyingSecuritypostTransactionAmountsownershipNaturetitlesharesvaluesecurityTitlesecurityTitleFootnoteIdconversionOrExercisePriceexerciseDateexpirationDateunderlyingSecuritypostTransactionAmountsownershipNatureidtext— referenced by *FootnoteId fields throughoutTwo ways to get the data.
Real-time via the REST API, or as a full historical archive for backtesting and ML training.
Real-time, query-based. Best for dashboards, alerts, and on-demand lookups. 300 ms median latency from EDGAR.
from sec_api import InsiderTradingApi
api = InsiderTradingApi("YOUR_API_KEY")
filings = api.get_data({"query": "documentType:4"})Full historical archive as compressed NDJSON. Best for backtesting, ML training, and internal data lakes.
from sec_api import Datasets
datasets = Datasets(api_key="YOUR_API_KEY")
# downloads all Form 4 filings (2009-present)
datasets.download("form-4")The archive contains every Form 3, 4, and 5 ever filed since 2009 — including those from issuers later delisted, acquired, taken private, or bankrupt. Filings stay byte-for-byte as accepted by EDGAR; nothing is backfilled, retroactively edited, or pruned when a company disappears. Amended filings are appended, not overwritten. Backtests run against the same universe insiders saw on the trade date.
Built for institutional workloads.
Used by hedge funds for signal generation, by exchanges for compliance monitoring, and by journalists for investigation.
View docs →Cluster buying, conviction scores, pre-announcement activity, insider sentiment as a factor.
Track insiders at portfolio companies, automated watchlists, restricted-list alerts.
Surface unusual transactions, disclosure patterns, conflicts of interest.
Monitor C-suite activity across holdings, alert on insider buying conviction.
Section 16 reporting, in detail.
The legal framework, governing statutes, and reporting nuances behind every Form 3, 4, and 5 filing.
View docs →For Section 16 reporting purposes, an “insider” is one of three populations attached to an issuer whose equity is registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act (listed on a national exchange or held by ≥2,000 holders of record):
- Every director and officer of the issuer.
- Every beneficial owner of more than 10% of any class of those §12-registered equity securities.
- Indirect holders attributed ownership through trusts, family members, partnerships, or controlled entities.
“Officer” is narrower than the colloquial sense. Only designated Section 16 officers are reporting persons: CEO, CFO, principal accounting officer, named executive officers, and policy-making vice presidents. Non-policy managers, even with the “VP” title, are not.
The same population files all three forms, but the trigger differs:
- Form 3 — filed once, by any person becoming a Section 16 insider: newly-appointed officers and directors, anyone crossing the 10% threshold, and every existing insider at the moment an issuer first registers a class of equity under §12 (e.g., on IPO). Required even if the insider holds zero shares.
- Form 4 — filed by every current Section 16 insider for each reportable change in beneficial ownership: open-market trades, equity-compensation grants and exercises, gifts, dispositions to the issuer, and derivative conversions. One filing per transaction event.
- Form 5 — filed by any person who was a Section 16 insider at any point during the issuer's fiscal year and had transactions previously exempted from Form 4 (e.g., small acquisitions under Rule 16a-6, certain gifts) or inadvertently omitted from a prior Form 4.
Legal. Section 16 insiders may trade their company's securities freely provided (a) they are not in possession of material non-public information (MNPI), or trade under a pre-existing Rule 10b5-1 plan adopted while not in possession of MNPI, and (b) they disclose each transaction on Form 4 within 2 business days. Section 16(b) additionally claws back any “short-swing profit” — gains from any purchase and sale (or sale and purchase) within a 6-month window — for the benefit of the issuer, regardless of intent.
Illegal. Trading on MNPI in breach of a fiduciary or similar duty of trust, or tipping someone who does so. Liability arises under Rule 10b-5; disclosure on Form 4 does not cure it, and absence of disclosure does not, on its own, establish it. Most enforcement actions begin with a Form 4 footprint that the SEC pairs with deal-timeline records.
A Rule 10b5-1 plan is a written, pre-arranged schedule specifying the amount, price, and date of future trades — or a formula/algorithm for determining them — adopted by an insider while not in possession of MNPI. Once adopted, subsequent executions are insulated from §10b-5 liability even if MNPI exists at the moment of trade.
The December 2022 amendments tightened the regime: a mandatory cooling-off period of 90 days for officers and directors (or two business days after the next Form 10-Q/K, whichever is later) and 30 days for the issuer itself; good-faith certifications from officers and directors at adoption; a prohibition on overlapping plans and a limit of one single-trade plan per 12 months; and a dedicated checkbox on Form 4 flagging that the reported trade was made under a 10b5-1 plan, plus the plan-adoption date. The checkbox is captured as a first-class field in the API response.
Beneficial ownership under Rule 13d-3 means voting or investment power over a security — direct (held in the insider's own name) or indirect (held through trusts, spouses, minor children, controlled entities, exercisable derivatives within 60 days). The same definition is used by both filing regimes, but the trigger differs:
- Forms 3, 4, 5 are filed by Section 16 insiders (officers, directors, >10% owners) for every reportable change in beneficial ownership, regardless of size.
- Schedule 13D / 13G is filed by any person — insider or not — once aggregate beneficial ownership of a §12-registered class crosses 5%. 13D for active intent, 13G for passive/qualified holders.
A 10% owner therefore typically files both: 13D/G at the 5% threshold and Forms 3/4/5 thereafter for every trade.
- Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Section 16 — reporting obligations (16(a)) and short-swing-profit disgorgement (16(b)).
- Exchange Act, Sections 13(d) and 13(g) — >5% beneficial-ownership reporting on Schedules 13D / 13G.
- Exchange Act, Section 10(b) and SEC Rule 10b-5 — anti-fraud rule that underlies all insider-trading prosecutions.
- SEC Rules 16a-1 through 16a-3 — define “beneficial owner”, “officer”, and prescribe Forms 3, 4, 5.
- SEC Rule 16b-3 — exempts qualifying equity-compensation transactions from §16(b) short-swing liability.
- SEC Rule 10b5-1 — affirmative defense for trades executed under written, pre-arranged plans (amended December 2022 to add cooling-off periods and certifications).
- Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002), Section 403 — accelerated the Form 4 deadline from 10 days after month-end to 2 business days.
- Dodd-Frank Act (2010) — extended whistleblower bounties to insider-trading tips.
Every transaction line carries two independent classifiers, easy to conflate but each answering a different question:
- The A/D flag (“Acquired” or “Disposed”) records direction: did the insider's reported holding go up or down on this line? One bit of information.
- The transaction code records nature: open-market purchase, Rule 16b-3 grant, option exercise, tax-withholding, gift, conversion, etc. One letter from the 19-code set.
Codes P and S are the only codes that fix the direction unambiguously — every P line is A, every S line is D. Most other codes can take either flag depending on context:
- A (Rule 16b-3 grant) → A. Shares awarded to the insider.
- F (tax withholding) → D. Shares withheld to cover taxes on a grant or exercise.
- M (option exercise) → two paired lines: derivative M | D, non-derivative M | A.
- G (gift) → A for recipient, D for donor.
- C (conversion) → D on the converted security, A on the resulting security.
Practical consequence for signal extraction. Summing all A rows yields total “shares acquired”, but that aggregate folds together open-market buys, equity-comp grants, option exercises, conversions, gifts received, and trust-related acquisitions — most of which carry no directional information about insider conviction. To isolate the discretionary, market-priced signal, filter on transaction code P for buying and S for selling. The A/D flag answers “did holdings change?”; the P/S codes answer “did the insider make a market-priced decision?”
Letter clash. The letter A appears with two distinct meanings — in the transaction-code field it signals a Rule 16b-3 grant; in the A/D-flag field it signals an acquisition. A grant therefore reads A | A, a gift received reads G | A, and a tax withholding reads F | D. The API surfaces the two fields separately to eliminate ambiguity.
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7.5 million insider transactions, 209K insiders, real-time and historical archives.
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